Who is the legal authority to determine guilt and punishment in seven countries?

This is one of my english cl ignments. If you are wondering,, this is suppose to be linked with either to kill a mockingbird, or shakespeare's othello. this question is a research question, but i haven't been able to find much about it. i need to make a crossword puzzle with clues that show my results for this question. Best answer 10 points? please and thank you!